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subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets

These subtraction patterns and function machine worksheets help students identify rules and complete sequences using subtraction operations. Students practice determining function machine rules, finding missing numbers in patterns, and creating their own subtraction-based sequences to build critical thinking skills.

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Function Machines Determining Pattern Rules Continuing Number Patterns

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Function Machines

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About these worksheets

Function machine worksheets develop input-output reasoning skills. Students figure out the rule a function machine uses — whether addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or a two-step operation — by analyzing input-output pairs, then apply the rule to find missing values. Resources span third through sixth grade.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Determining Function Machine Rule (+ or -) (MC) worksheet

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Determining Function Machine Rule (+ or -) (MC)

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Figure out what number is being added or subtracted to turn each input into the output.
Use a few input-output examples to spot a consistent pattern and name the rule.
Check that the same rule works for every pair in the table before choosing an answer.
Tell the difference between an “add” rule and a “subtract” rule by comparing inputs and outputs.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Determining Function Machine Rule (+ or -) worksheet

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Determining Function Machine Rule (+ or -)

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Use a few input-output examples to spot a consistent pattern and write the rule.
Check that the rule works by testing it on another input-output pair.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Adding & Subtracting below 50 (Multiple Choice) worksheet

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Adding & Subtracting below 50 (Multiple Choice)

Figure out what number is being added or subtracted by looking at an input and its output.
Use addition and subtraction facts within 50 to check which rule makes the outputs match.
Choose the correct rule from a few options by testing it on the numbers shown.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Adding & Subtracting below 50 worksheet

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Adding & Subtracting below 50

Figure out what a function machine is doing by looking at the input and output numbers.
Use addition and subtraction to find the rule that changes one number into another.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - +,-,×,÷ With Variables worksheet

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+,-,×,÷ With Variables

Figure out the rule that changes an input number into an output number.
Choose which operation and number make the rule work for all the examples in a table.

Determining Pattern Rules

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These worksheets help students identify and describe pattern rules. Activities include spotting attributes in number patterns, creating patterns from given rules, writing equations from function machine data, and determining whether patterns use addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. Worksheets also include matching patterns and using tables to continue rules. Spanning fourth and fifth grade standards.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Creating Patterns worksheet

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Creating Patterns

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Create your own number pattern by adding or subtracting the same amount each time.
Use the rule to figure out a missing number later in the pattern.
Explain the pattern rule in words or as a simple math sentence (like “add 3 each time”).

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Pattern Rule worksheet

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Pattern Rule

Figure out what operation is happening in a number pattern (add, subtract, multiply, or divide).
Explain the pattern rule in simple words, like “add 3 each time.”
Check that a rule works for every step in the pattern, not just one pair of numbers.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Multiple Choice + , - , × , ÷ worksheet

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Multiple Choice + , - , × , ÷

Figure out what operation (add, subtract, multiply, or divide) changes one number into the next in a pattern.
Compare answer choices and pick the rule that matches all the numbers in the pattern.

Continuing Number Patterns

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About these worksheets

Students practice continuing number patterns by identifying the rule and predicting what comes next. Worksheets include patterns that increase or decrease by a constant amount, finding missing numbers in sequences, choosing the correct pattern from multiple options, and using a 100 chart to spot patterns. Aligned with fourth grade.

subtraction Patterns & Function Machine Worksheets - Pattern Missing Number worksheet

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Pattern Missing Number

Find the missing number in a sequence by spotting what changes each step.
Figure out whether a pattern is using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.
Use the pattern rule to keep the sequence going and check that it stays consistent.

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